Id muscles of upper limb and groups where they belong 2. Bd chaurasiya human anatomy volume 1 pdf upper limb and thorax this book covers a vast portion of the upper body anatomy. Bones of the appendicular skeleton western oregon university. The base of the hand contains eight bones, each called a carpal bone, and the palm of the hand is formed by five bones, each called a metacarpal bone. In formal usage, the term arm only refers to the structures from the shoulder to the elbow, explicitly excluding the forearm, and thus upper limb and arm are not synonymous.
The 80 axial bones comprise 29 bones in the head and 51 bones in the trunk. Its name is changed to brachial artery at the lower border of the teres major muscle. While the posterior sternoclavicular ligament is relatively weaker than its anterior counterpart, both ligaments take an. Mnemonics are highly recommended for written and spot tests. The brachial artery continues down the arm and just distal to the elbow joint, it splits into radial and. Pdf upper limb musculoskeletal disorders in healthcare. The radial nerve is a nerve in the human body that supplies the upper limb. The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, and hand. The 6 auditory ossicles little bones are the malleus. The forearm is the portion of the upper extremity extending from the elbow to the wrist. Like the upper limb, the lower limb is divided into three regions. Joints of the upper limb the final items to examine in the upper limb are the joints. These nerves give sensation to our upper limb, as well as innervating the muscles, allowing us to move them at will. Each one arises from the anterosuperior and posterosuperior respectively aspect of the sternal head of the clavicle and insert lateral to the jugular notch.
The skeletal framework for this region arises from two. Lymph from the upper limb drains into lymphatic vessels travelling with both deep and superficial veins. Most of the muscles that attach to the girdle and limb are hypaxial muscles. The first is an overview of the general organization of the upper limb, with particular emphasis on the distribution of the major blood vessels and. Posterior upper limb trudy van houten, september 1, 2010 page 30. Name the bones that compose the upper limb and shoulder girdle and identify each on an anatomic diagram and on a radiograph name and identify the significant bony prominences and depressions of the upper limb and shoulder girdle and identify significant positioning landmarks by palpation. The joints of the upper limb are found between some of these bones and the muscles crossing them allow us to orient these joints. The bones of the upper limb clavicle the clavicle, or collar bone figs. The pelvic girdle, consisting of a hip bone, serves to attach a lower limb to the axial skeleton. Thirtytwo 32 separate bones form the bony framework of each upper limb. The 29 head bones consist of 8 cranial bones, 14 facial bones, the hyoid bone, and 6 auditory ear bones. With respect to the coracoid process of the scapula, a. List origin, insertion, action and innervations of the upper limb muscles.
Pdf anatomy, shoulder and upper limb, forearm bones. However, in casual usage, the terms are often used interchangeably. Your friend runs out of gas and you have to help push his car. Acromial facet sternal facet impression for costoclavicular ligament subclavian groove. For example, similar types of fractures and other pathologies occur in both the upper and the lower extremities. The upper arm is the region located between the shoulder and elbow joints.
These are the femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsal bones, metatarsal bones, and phalanges. The nerves of the upper limb arise from a complex arrangement of nerve fibers known as the brachial plexus. The basic structure of the lower limb is quite similar to that of upper limb, but its changed to support the weight of the body and for locomotion. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Upper extremity fractures radiology reference article. Identify the divisions of the lower limb and describe the bones of each region. Pdf on jul 26, 2019, mihir patel and others published anatomy, shoulder and upper limb, forearm bones find, read and cite all the. Each upper limb is divided into three regions and contains a total of 30 bones. Discuss the various common injuries and clinical signs of damage to the upper limb nerves 5. Groups of nodes are found in the cubital fossa and in the axilla.
The axillary sheath investing the neurovascular bundle in the axilla is continuous in the posterior triangle of the neck with the. The upper limb sustains a wide variety of fractures that range significantly in demographics, treatment and functional impact. The bones in the upper limb can be divided into those within the arm and pectoral girdle 3, forearm 2 and wrist and hand 27. The pelvic girdle and pelvis anatomy and physiology. Dec 27, 2018 the 8 cranial bones are the frontal, 2 parietal, occipital, 2 temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones. The right and left hip bones also converge anteriorly to attach to each other. Lower limb 1 bones of lower limbs including bones of pelvic girdle hip bones and lower limb compared with upper limb no equivalent movements to pronation and supination in upper limb.
May 12, 2020 joints and ligaments of the upper limb. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm, and the ulna medially and the radius laterally are the paired bones of the. In contrast to the lower limb which is involved in. Our engaging videos, interactive quizzes, indepth articles and hd atlas are here to get you top results faster. Bones of the upper limb the clavicle o the clavicle is an sshaped long bone, which forms part of the pectoral girdle o it articulates proximally with the sternum and distally with the acromion of scapula o bony features include. Muscles stabilizing pectoral girdle muscles of the upper limb. Dab dont stroke with cotton wool test same dermatomes. The 30 bones of each upper limb are illustrated in figure 1. Although the focus of this chapter is on the upper limb and shoulder girdle, many of the principles introduced in this chapter apply equally well to the lower limb.
The pelvic girdle hip girdle is formed by a single bone, the hip bone or coxal bone coxal hip, which serves as the attachment point for each lower limb. Muscles of the upper limb muscle origin insertion action innervation artery notes abductor digiti minimi hand pisiform base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit on its ulnar side abducts the 5th digit deep branch of the ulnar nerve ulnar a. Clinical anatomy of the upper limb kara mudd, mspas, pac. Describe the different kinds of upper limb fractures. Describe the bones and bony landmarks that articulate at each joint of the lower limb.
The thigh is that portion of the lower limb located between the hip joint and knee joint. It supplies the medial, lateral, and long heads of the triceps brachii muscle of the arm, as well as all 12 muscles in the posterior osteofascial compartment of the. Limbs develop on the hypaxial ventral anterior side of the trunk. The lower limb joins the pelvic girdle in the hip joint. Bones of the upper limb radiology reference article. In contrast to the lower limb which is involved in weightbearing and locomotion, the main role of the upper limb is to control the position of the hand in space enabling manipulation of objects in the environment. At the conclusion of this chapter, you will be able to. The coracoid process projects anteriorward and can be felt. It is technically a long bone with a shaft and two ends, it can be readily palpated, and it is one of the most commonly fractured bones in the body usually at the junction. It supplies the medial, lateral, and long heads of the triceps brachii muscle of the arm, as well as all 12 muscles in the posterior osteofascial compartment of the forearm and the associated joints and overlying skin. The leg is specifically the region between the knee joint and the ankle joint. Upper limb anatomy 1 with regard to the pectoral girdle. Be able to identify the features listed and understand how the shapes of the bones involved and the ligaments that connect them control the range of motion.
Clinical anatomy of the upper limb welcome to khima. So we are going to look at the surface anatomy of the shoulder, the arm, the forearm and the hand, all of these regions making up the upper limb. The most proximal portion of the humerus is the head of the humerus. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm, and the ulna medially and the radius laterally are the paired bones of the forearm. Thus, they are innervated by branches of anterior rami of spinal nerves. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. The anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments also contribute to the stability of the sternoclavicular joint. This summary on the gross anatomy of the upper limb is done in the form of mnemonics according to the theory from grays anatomy for students. Upper limb nerve injuries caused by intramuscular injection or routine venipuncture is rare, but i t could lead to severe impairment of sensory and motor function with poor recovery.
Anatomy, shoulder and upper limb, forearm bones statpearls. The blood to the upper limb is supplied by 4 major arteries. These consist of 80 axial head and trunk bones and 126 appendicular upper and lower extremity bones. See more ideas about anatomy, anatomy and physiology and upper limb. Aug 08, 2018 the blood to the upper limb is supplied by 4 major arteries.
There are also a number of accessory ossicles, predominantly occurring at the wrist. Sign up for your free kenhub account today and join over 1,293,690 successful anatomy students. It comprises of highly detailed and wellversed chapters on the bones of upper limbs as well as the pectoral region, scapular region, the forearm and the anatomy of the hand, joints of upper limbs and so on. The hyoid bone is horseshoeshaped bone at the base of the tongue. Each of these bones may be described regionally as a bone of the pectoral girdle, arm. The bones of the upper limb can be divided into four main groups. It articulates with the radius and ulna bones of the forearm to form the elbow. The humerus is the largest bone of the upper extremity and defines the human brachium arm. Bones of the upper limb anatomy questions anatomyzone. The right and left hip bones converge anteriorly and articulate with each other at the pubic symphysis.
The hip bone articulates posteriorly at the sacroiliac joint with the sacrum, which is part of the axial skeleton. Bones and joints of upper limb regions bones joints shoulder girdle clavicle scapula sternoclavicular joint acromioclavicular joint bones of arm humerus upper end. Pdf upper limb nerve injuries caused by intramuscular. Discuss the sequence of bones and joints that convey the forces passing from your hand, through your upper limb and your pectoral girdle, and to your axial skeleton. Clinically the arm is measured from the angle of the acromion to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus. In human anatomy, the upper limb also upper extremity refers to the region distal to the deltoid. The 14 facial bones are the 2 maxilla, mandible, 2 zygoma, 2 lacrimal, 2 nasal, 2 turbinate, vomer and 2 palate bones. Bd chaurasia human anatomy pdf free download all volumes. Revised upper limb module for sma lead clinical evaluator and trainer. There are 30 bones in each upper limb see chapter 8. It is technically a long bone with a shaft and two ends, it can be readily palpated, and it is one of the most commonly.
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